The automobile industry has become a pillar industry of the national economy and a new highlight of economic growth. Wuhan's auto industry rose in the early 1980s, forming an industrial structure dominated by state-owned, joint-venture, and private-owned enterprises and a competitive economic development pattern among many parts and components companies. It appeared in the country in the mid-1990s and it was quite influential. Dragon Company. This regional brand concept has become a dominant industry in our city. After Dongfeng’s head office moved to Wuhan this year, Peugeot 307 and Dongfeng Honda CR.V have recently gone offline, and the Wuhan automobile industry will enter an accelerated development period. If the automobile industry is a tree, then the parts and components industry is the root, and the deep root can only be the leafy. The rapid development of the automotive industry has brought tremendous opportunities and challenges to the rapid development of auto parts companies in our city. In the automobile industry chain of our city, parts and components supporting enterprises are also weak links. How to strengthen and expand the auto parts business in our city is the key to extending the automobile industry chain in our city.
In order to further understand the current situation of the development of auto parts enterprises in our city, we will explore the development strategies of the parts and components companies and promote the development of auto parts enterprises in our city. Recently, we selected 41 auto parts enterprises with a certain scale and conducted a questionnaire survey on their current development status, development environment and development prospects.
I. Development Status of Wuhan Auto Parts Industry
(I) Industry Overview
According to incomplete statistics, there were nearly 200 auto parts enterprises in the city in 2003, with a total industrial output value of 5.65 billion yuan, an increase of 69.7% over 2002, and their output value accounted for 33.7% of the total industrial output value of the auto industry, accounting for only less than the car production industry. , ranking second in the industry. From the perspective of the size of a single company, there are more than 10 total output value of more than 100 million yuan, of which the top 8 companies are: Wuhan Shenlong Automobile Parts Co., Ltd. 580 million yuan, 3303 factory 470 million yuan, Wuhan Tongda Aishia Muffler Co., Ltd. 220 million yuan, Wuhan Plastics Industry Group Co., Ltd. 210 million yuan, Wuhan Youde Automobile Electric Co., Ltd. 210 million yuan, Wuhan Dongfa Automobile Wheel Co., Ltd. 190 million yuan, Wuhan Dongfeng Stamping Parts Co., Ltd. 140 million yuan, Hubei Farre Olympic Lights Co., Ltd. 140 million yuan. The main products of spare parts include car seats (including automotive fabrics), bumpers, brakes, plastic fuel tanks, locks, gears for vehicles, synchronizer ring gears, plastic parts for vehicles, wiring harnesses, mufflers, headlights, small and medium presses. Parts and laser welding parts and other nearly 100 kinds of products. In the 1990s, the city successively constructed and reconstructed nearly 60 automotive and parts projects. At the same time, it vigorously introduced domestic and foreign automobile parts and components companies with strong capabilities to come to China for joint ventures and cooperation to enhance the supporting capabilities of the parts and components industry. The number of matching products with Shenlong Fukang increased from 5-6 in the initial period to nearly 100 at present. The number of supporting manufacturers increased from less than 10 in 1995 to 56 at present.
Today, the localization rate of Shenlong Fukang is 85%, and 45.5% of localized parts are produced in Wuhan. That is to say, nearly half of Shenlong's spare parts are purchased in Wuhan, mainly concentrated in Wuhan Economic Development Zone. A number of parts manufacturing companies provide.
(II) Characteristics of enterprise development
The development of Wuhan auto parts enterprises has the following features:
1. The major economic indicators have increased substantially.
The survey results showed that 41 enterprises had achieved an industrial output value of 3.26 billion yuan in 2003, an increase of 31.5% over 2002, and it is expected to reach 3.70 billion yuan in 2004, an increase of 42% over 2002. Sales revenue was 3.62 billion yuan, an increase of 30% over 2002 and is expected to reach 4.06 billion yuan in 2004, an increase of 40% over 2002. The investment in science and technology was 48.29 million yuan, an increase of 62.9% over 2002. It is estimated that in 2004 it will reach 77.48 million yuan, more than double the growth in 2002. The tax payment was 3.64 billion yuan, an increase of 24.9% over 2002.
2. More than half of the auto parts and components are sold locally.
Of the 41 companies surveyed, 27 companies and Shenlong companies are supporting them. More than 30 kinds of matching products. Sales amounted to 2.69 billion yuan (2003), accounting for 59.5%. There are many sources of raw materials for auto parts. Among the 58 varieties produced by 41 companies in 2003, 20 were used in all 20 varieties, which accounted for 34.5%, and 21 were used in local (10-50%), accounting for 36.2% and only 30% in 60-90%. Only 5.2%, and only 9 of them used local materials, accounting for 15.5%.
3. The company has a good external environment for development.
In the survey, the current status of the company's evaluation: There are 24 companies that "good" and "good", accounting for 60%, that "general" accounted for 38%, only 2% considered bad. Evaluation of the external environment for enterprise development: We believe that the company’s legal rights and interests guarantee system accounted for 53%; 50% thought that the policy environment was “goodâ€; 48% thought that government agencies provided good service; 40% thought that the legal environment was good. Considering that the credit environment is good, accounting for 32.5%; that the fair trade between enterprises accounted for 30%; and that the market competition order is better, only 20%.
II. Difficulties and Problems Facing Wuhan Auto Parts Enterprises
1, intense competition.
The parts and components companies in our city are facing unprecedented pressure and competitiveness: foreign companies, sole proprietorships and joint ventures are watching and dividing this big cake. Of the 41 enterprises surveyed, 23 were private enterprises, accounting for 56%; 12 were foreign-funded enterprises, 12 were from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and 6 were from state-owned enterprises, accounting for 15%. A large number of private enterprises came to the fore and private capital quickly penetrated the parts and components industry with its unique attributes. Efficient decision-making procedures, rapid response capabilities, and flexible operating mechanisms made them an indispensable important force for the parts industry in our city. The booming of joint ventures has added new vitality to the parts and components industry in our city. The addition of international capital not only brings advanced technology, but also brings new ideas, new management methods and new modes of operation. At the same time, it also leads to great changes in the competition body of the auto parts industry, from state-owned capital to collective capital. For the main body to change to a variety of ownership as the main competitive pattern, intensified the market competition.
2, scattered, weak, slow development.
Among the city's auto parts companies, most of the companies have scattered industries, small scales of production, single types of business operations, poor product quality, low technological content, and backward supporting facilities, and can only serve as secondary or tertiary supporting suppliers. The dominant components are mainly concentrated in traditional and small parts products, and they do not have competitive advantages in high value-added parts and components. Compared with Shanghai, Shenyang, and Chongqing, the auto parts industry in our city has a smaller output value. In 2003, the scale of auto parts production in Shenyang reached 20 billion yuan, which is more than three times that of our city. Among them, there are 2 companies with a scale of more than 3 billion yuan, 1 company with a scale of 2 billion yuan, and 1 company with a scale of 1 billion yuan. However, there is no one company in Wuhan with a scale of 1 billion yuan. "Disperse, weak, and single-playing" itself limits the speed and effectiveness of its development.
3. The company has many difficulties and its overall competitiveness is low.
Although after several years of deepening reforms, the company’s own strength has improved, its competitiveness has remained weak. The auto parts and components products cannot adapt to the market changes in their structure. There are few high-value-added products with distinctive features and advantages, low-level duplication, and high-cost operations. Enterprises lack technology, lack of talent, and lack of funds to rely on entrusted processing of products with low added value and low market share to maintain production. Specific performance: 1 The lack of funds, the actual investment is not enough, leading to parts and components of production technology and equipment renewal slow development has been hindered. 2 Weak research and development capabilities, introduction, imitation, and ownership of independent intellectual property rights, most companies do not have the ability to develop and produce products with independent intellectual property rights, and are in danger of being eliminated. 3 There are no advantages in cost control capabilities, intangible waste, such as the idleness of assets, ineffective operations, redundant personnel, and excessive social responsibilities that make the company unable to obtain maximum benefits at the lowest cost.
The survey results show that 73% of the companies believe that the raw material price is high and the cost is high; 66% of the companies believe that the lack of technical personnel and new product research and development capabilities are weak; 61% of the companies believe that there is a shortage of funds and financing difficulties.
III. Suggestions and Countermeasures
Under the new situation, especially after China's accession to the WTO, Wuhan's auto industry is facing competition and challenges, and it also welcomes opportunities and development. Therefore, Wuhan parts and components companies should also "advance with the times" with the development of the vehicle to accelerate the pace of supporting development.
1. Formulate preferential policies to support enterprise development.
The state has successively issued a series of favorable policies to support the development of the automobile and parts industries, providing a rare opportunity for development of Wuhan to accelerate the development of the automobile industry. The relevant national competent authorities will increase the policy support for the export of automobiles and auto parts, and give priority to supporting auto and auto parts enterprises to accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure, to become bigger and stronger, to nurture and support certain development capabilities, good market prospects, and technological level. , the scale of production, economic benefits in the leading domestic enterprises. In the survey, entrepreneurs hope that the municipal government will promptly introduce preferential policies, such as taxation and approval procedures, and provide assistance in technology and services. Take the main plant to drive the parts factory, and the part factory to promote the main plant, coordinate the relationship between the two to achieve mutual promotion and coordinated development. We must take full advantage of the rapid development of the current automobile industry and further adopt supporting policies and measures to encourage cars to enter the family and develop and expand the consumer market for cars. The use of OEMs to drive the development of parts and components companies requires that the auto parts manufacturers in our city must have a sense of urgency and a sense of crisis in their ideology, and must thoroughly rid themselves of old stereotypes and ideas.
2. Focus on superior resources, attract investment, and become bigger and stronger.
In order to accelerate the development of the parts and components enterprises in our city, we must depend on the big ones and rely on the two and the first-tier suppliers. Through joint ventures with domestic and foreign companies, especially with foreign large parts and components companies, the introduction of capital, technology, and management models to improve product development capabilities and competitiveness, we can achieve a win-win situation and achieve survival and development. In this regard, Wuhan has achieved some results. It mainly cooperates with some domestic manufacturers: such as Gehua Group, Shenlong Industrial Company, Shanghai Yanfeng Company, etc., to produce foam seats, and Wusu Group cooperates with Yangzhou Plastic Products Company to produce plastic fuel tanks. In the future, we should step up the pace, and in particular we should increase further cooperation with foreign investment, and actively introduce and plan a large number of parts and components such as automobile engines, air-conditioners, automobile tires, and automobile molds. Strengthen the sedans, develop passenger cars and trucks, and form an industry leader as soon as possible to promote the development of parts and components companies. We must focus on the development of three major chassis, body and electrical components to form the city’s automotive industry chain and enterprise groups. Emphasize the key points and take the road of strong cooperation to upgrade key enterprises to secondary or first-tier suppliers, and drive the development of various small parts and components companies with distinctive features, avoid dispersion and duplicate construction, and take “professional, refined, and sharpâ€. the road.
3. Accelerate the pace of reform of state-owned enterprises and adapt to the development speed of the whole vehicle.
At present, part of the manufacturers of parts and components companies in Wuhan are in the state of aging equipment, backward technology, obsolete technology, and low level of management. In particular, the general backwardness of equipment in state-owned enterprises is a major constraint to the development of the parts and components industry. Due to various reasons, state-owned enterprises are faced with many difficulties, difficulties and difficulties, and they are barely supported. They have large stocks of assets, large numbers of employees, and have not taken major steps in reforms. They have passively waited and waited for national policies and measures. State-owned enterprises must deepen enterprise reform, reintegrate resources, strive to convert enterprise operating mechanisms through system innovation, establish modern enterprise systems and speed up corporate shareholding system reforms, strengthen internal management, and strive to reduce costs. Actively promote the adjustment of enterprise product structure and organizational structure, establish enterprise research and development centers, and strengthen the digestion, absorption, and innovation of imported technologies. Improve its own research and development capabilities and increase new product development efforts. To adapt to the development of the vehicle, to avoid the risk of elimination.
4. Integrate industry resources and make every effort to build a strong group of parts and components.
The automobile industry is a pillar industry in Wuhan. To become bigger and stronger Wuhan's automobile and parts industry must first fully understand the status and role of the auto industry from the height of the strategic development of the national economy and the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure. In revitalizing Wuhan's modern manufacturing industry, the automobile industry occupies an important position. The city has proposed the development of pillar industries such as “steel, cars, machinery, cigarettes, alcohol, and medicine†and “cars†are ranked second. It is necessary to integrate the resources of Wuhan's spare parts industry to form complementary strengths and strive to build a strong group of parts and components. However, according to relevant information, currently 70-80% of Shenlong Motors' outsourcing boards are imported from South Korea and Japan. Imported steel sheets cost 600-800 yuan (including freight) per ton less than domestically produced steel plates including Wuhan Iron and Steel, and they are of good quality. In Dongfeng Company's "global procurement" today, Wuhan parts and components companies need to reduce production costs and ensure product quality in order to win more "production orders" from Dongfeng.
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