Kazakhstan is the third largest oil and gas resource country in the Caspian region, second only to Russia and Iran. In recent years, the world’s growing demand for oil and soaring oil prices have led international energy giants to invest in Kazakhstan’s oil exploration, which has led to an increase in crude oil production year after year, and has become one of the world’s major energy producers and exporters. However, the deep processing capability of crude oil has not been sufficient so far, and downstream industries have become difficult to weather. Therefore, extending the oil and chemical industry chain and increasing product added value are important development strategies in the post-crisis era.
The oil and gas industry is a pillar industry of Kazakhstan's national economy. Oil and natural gas exports account for 60% to 70% of its foreign exchange earnings and 30% of domestic GDP. As of the first half of 2009, the country has identified 223 oil and gas fields, 81 of which are under development. The proven reserves of oil are 4.8 to 5.9 billion tons, accounting for 3.3% of the world's total reserves. According to Kazakhstan's expert assessment, by 2025, this proportion will increase to 5.5%.
Compared with the scale of oil production, the domestic demand for crude oil and petroleum products in Kazakhstan is not large, and over 85% of crude oil is used for export. According to Kazakhstan's State Customs Commission statistics, Kazakhstan exported a total of 67.272 million tons of crude oil (including natural gas condensate) in 2009, with a total value of 26.21 billion US dollars.
In the 1990s, in order to curb the economic downturn and attract foreign investment, Kazakhstan implemented a series of preferential policies for foreign investors in the oil and gas sector and even transferred the development rights of oil and gas fields at low prices. At present, there are three large-scale international oil projects in Kazakhstan, namely the Tianziz Chevron Project, the Karachaganak Oil and Gas Field Project and the North Lihai Kashagan Project, all of which are international energy giants with the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy and Russia. Cooperation. Later, in order to strengthen the control over its own resources and strive for more national interests, the Kazakh government revised the Law on the Utilization of Underground Resources and Underground Resources issued in 1996 in 2004, 2005, and 2007, respectively. The transfer of Harbin Oilfield shares by foreign investors has priority right to purchase.
Kazakhstan currently has three major refinery companies: the Atyrau Refinery, the Shymkent Refinery, and the Pavlodar Refinery, located in West, South, and Northeastern Kazakhstan respectively. Its largest state-owned oil company, Kazak Oil & Natural Gas, owns a 99.2% stake in the Atyr refinery, a 50% stake in the Shymkent refinery, and a Pavlodar refinery, through a subsidiary, Kazakhstan Oil & Gas Trading Company. 100% of the shares. The refined oil supply network owned by the Kazakhstan Oil & Gas "Shangsha" Company covers the entire country and plays an important role in stabilizing the market.
The three major oil refineries are currently outdated because of outdated equipment. They cannot produce enough high-grade gasoline and aviation kerosene. They need to import large quantities from Russia. So far, Kazakhstan has not had its own large-scale asphalt plant, fertilizer plant, etc. To this end, the government plans to complete the modernization of Atyrau, Shymkent, and Pavlodar refineries and upgrade their equipment by 2014. The overall production capacity will be raised to 17 million tons/year; by the end of 2011, it will be completed. The first large-scale asphalt plant, which produces the highest grade asphalt in Europe to supply the national road construction; builds a sulphuric acid plant to provide sufficient auxiliary materials for the uranium minerals processing industry and other industries; by 2014, it will build a large-scale sulphur storage center and make resources available. Effective preservation and appreciation.
The oil and gas industry is a pillar industry of Kazakhstan's national economy. Oil and natural gas exports account for 60% to 70% of its foreign exchange earnings and 30% of domestic GDP. As of the first half of 2009, the country has identified 223 oil and gas fields, 81 of which are under development. The proven reserves of oil are 4.8 to 5.9 billion tons, accounting for 3.3% of the world's total reserves. According to Kazakhstan's expert assessment, by 2025, this proportion will increase to 5.5%.
Compared with the scale of oil production, the domestic demand for crude oil and petroleum products in Kazakhstan is not large, and over 85% of crude oil is used for export. According to Kazakhstan's State Customs Commission statistics, Kazakhstan exported a total of 67.272 million tons of crude oil (including natural gas condensate) in 2009, with a total value of 26.21 billion US dollars.
In the 1990s, in order to curb the economic downturn and attract foreign investment, Kazakhstan implemented a series of preferential policies for foreign investors in the oil and gas sector and even transferred the development rights of oil and gas fields at low prices. At present, there are three large-scale international oil projects in Kazakhstan, namely the Tianziz Chevron Project, the Karachaganak Oil and Gas Field Project and the North Lihai Kashagan Project, all of which are international energy giants with the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy and Russia. Cooperation. Later, in order to strengthen the control over its own resources and strive for more national interests, the Kazakh government revised the Law on the Utilization of Underground Resources and Underground Resources issued in 1996 in 2004, 2005, and 2007, respectively. The transfer of Harbin Oilfield shares by foreign investors has priority right to purchase.
Kazakhstan currently has three major refinery companies: the Atyrau Refinery, the Shymkent Refinery, and the Pavlodar Refinery, located in West, South, and Northeastern Kazakhstan respectively. Its largest state-owned oil company, Kazak Oil & Natural Gas, owns a 99.2% stake in the Atyr refinery, a 50% stake in the Shymkent refinery, and a Pavlodar refinery, through a subsidiary, Kazakhstan Oil & Gas Trading Company. 100% of the shares. The refined oil supply network owned by the Kazakhstan Oil & Gas "Shangsha" Company covers the entire country and plays an important role in stabilizing the market.
The three major oil refineries are currently outdated because of outdated equipment. They cannot produce enough high-grade gasoline and aviation kerosene. They need to import large quantities from Russia. So far, Kazakhstan has not had its own large-scale asphalt plant, fertilizer plant, etc. To this end, the government plans to complete the modernization of Atyrau, Shymkent, and Pavlodar refineries and upgrade their equipment by 2014. The overall production capacity will be raised to 17 million tons/year; by the end of 2011, it will be completed. The first large-scale asphalt plant, which produces the highest grade asphalt in Europe to supply the national road construction; builds a sulphuric acid plant to provide sufficient auxiliary materials for the uranium minerals processing industry and other industries; by 2014, it will build a large-scale sulphur storage center and make resources available. Effective preservation and appreciation.
Stainless Steel Handrail Fittings
Stainless Steel Handrail Fittings,Stainless Steel Handrail Parts,Stainless Steel Handrail Tubing,Marine Stainless Steel Handrails
Dongying Highco Metal Manufacturing Co.,Ltd. , https://www.highco-metal.com