Core Tip: From August 7th to the early morning of 8th, a mudslide occurred in Zhouqu County, Gansu Province. As of noon on August 9, 127 people were killed and 1,294 people were missing. Regarding the causes of disasters and the rescue and treatment methods under special geology, Feng Xiao, a well-known geological expert in the network and the chief engineer of the regional geological survey team of the Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Fan Xiao. Fan Xiao said that the mudslide in Zhouqu County has been a long time. To prevent mudslides, we should first pay attention to rainstorm warnings and cultivate residents' awareness of life-saving. "The Zhouqu County itself has been expanded, and the number of urban residents has increased. This has also caused the disaster to be more serious than the previous disasters." The region's geological structure is fragile. The song belongs to multiple debris flow areas. According to relevant statistics, about two hundred years ago, there were 11 large-scale mudslides in the north of the Zhouqu County, and the “last time was 1992â€. In terms of objective conditions, this area is just as good as the mountain valley in the upper reaches of the Bailong River. The Bailong River bed is more than 1,300 meters above sea level, and the highest mountain on both sides is 3,800 meters, with a relative difference of 2,500 meters. “The geological structure is unstable, the rock formation is broken, and the faults are rich. It is also a region with more seismic activities; the entire mountain structure including the geological structure is very fragile, and under the influence of gravity, the collapse and landslide are very frequent. This is a natural cause.â€
Soil erosion and heavy rain are the main factors of debris flow Fan Xiao believes that since the 1950s, a large number of deforestation, water and soil destruction, exacerbated the geological environment instability, making the frequency and scale of geological disasters higher. "In 1998, natural deforestation was stopped, but 1950 From the year 2000 to 2000, the vegetation damage is very serious. There is a statistical data, the forest area in the upper reaches of the Bailong River has been reduced by more than 700,000 mu, and the land with a slope below 40 degrees has been basically reclaimed. The cultivated land has been expanding, accelerating soil erosion. "This time the size of the debris flow exceeds the history of Sanyanyu. For direct reasons, it is heavy rain. The first generation of debris flow is a large amount of loose deposits, providing a lot of sediment, and the second is heavy rain, such as 8 The rainstorm on the 7th, the third is the topography, the terrain is very steep, there is a passage and accumulation area, they form the terrain conditions, material conditions, meteorological conditions that cause the debris flow." Fan Xiao said, historically, this time The size of the debris flow is relatively rare. "The area it passes through is densely populated, so the impact is very harmful, of course from itself. At the level, the amount of 1.8 million cubic meters of solid material is also very large.†The important thing is to prevent and have actual exercises. Fan Xiao believes that the occurrence of mudslides in Zhouqu County is not completely unacceptable because of the mudslides that have occurred many times in history. . "The rain began at 10 o'clock on the evening of August 7 and the mudslide began at 12 o'clock. During the period, the rainfall has exceeded the historical record, so the weather forecast needs to be strengthened. When the rain has started, we should pay attention to the warning." Moreover, "such a large rainfall If it occurs, the debris flow will generally lag, so it should be early warning."
Fan Xiao believes that in addition to vigilance, it is first necessary to make special planning and treatment of the mudslides in the area, to some extent mitigate and reduce the risk of disasters. "In the design and management, the first method is 'blocking'; the other is 'discharge', the gully that passes through the debris flow can be built on both sides of the gully, so as not to threaten the towns on both sides; the third is to stop the debris flow in a certain area below. Give it a certain space." Historically, in Zhouqu County, "there was planning in 1996 and related projects in 1997. I have specifically checked relevant reports. In 2006, the governance project also did some blocking. because of the follow-up of funds is not done, so stay hidden. "Fan Xiao stressed that, in addition, under the most likely to live in the most threatened of urban residents, there should be contingency plans, including how to escape self-help residents themselves, which places It is a refuge, and there should be practical exercises. "Without this process, the rescue system is incomplete and there will be major defects."
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