Buoy navigation: from wooden and iron buoys that emit acoustic signals to buoys that use optical signals

The buoys did not disappear because modern ships were equipped with advanced electronic navigation devices. The buoys were used around the 11th century. In 1066, buoys were used to navigate ships sailing on the Wessel River waterways. Prior to the 17th century, buoys have been widely used in Germany and the Baltic Sea coast. The Germans came up with a way to navigate the ship by using a special color and shape buoy to command the vessel to turn to the port or to the starboard. The buoy used is a wooden barrel or a wooden barrel hooped with iron hoops, and tied with a chain on the big stone, so as not to drift out due to wind and waves.

The British had buoys and lighthouses in the 16th and 17th centuries. In 1845, Lennox designed the original iron buoy for the British Seamen's Association. It is a riveted iron structure with a barrel shape and a height of 2.4 meters. Today, buoys are made more and more widely used in the manufacture of plastics, but the buoys commonly used in the world are still made of iron and steel.

The use of an acoustic signal was previously used on a buoy. A buoy that uses an acoustic signal is usually a bell on top of the buoy; the buoy floats on the water, causing the bell to make a sound. At the end of the 19th century, Courtney of New York, USA, invented an automatic whistle that used to emit an acoustic signal on the target. The undulations of the waves press the air into a tube that is fixed to the bottom of the buoy. The undulating motion of the buoy causes a piston to move in a cylinder, causing air to pass from the bottom tube to a whistle mounted on top of the buoy, and the vessel passing by the side passes the sound of the whistle to determine the navigation of the channel. After the appearance of the optical signal buoy, the passing vessel can determine the navigation channel by the light emitted by the buoy.

(Figure) The buoy for the channel is a reliable navigation sign

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